Description: This paper presents the theory of immunization of investments to changes in interest rates and provides an extensive series of examples and formulas used in its implementation. Also presents some implications for investment behavior, product development, interest assumptions, valuation and adjusted earnings. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: Discusses investment strategies that can be used for various product-expense and policyholder-behavior patterns. These include buy/sell, hold, exchange, long-term, optimization, hedging of the business and investment risks, and immunizing strategies. From the 1988 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 14, No. 4A.

Description: Panelists who have been a part of integrated actuarial and investment functions at their companies discuss initial concerns from each side, the need for initial and ongoing coordination, the effect of company philosophies on the resulting combination, and realized and potential results and pitfalls. This session was held only days after the October 1987 stock-market crash. From the 1987 Record of Society of Actuaries, Vol. 13, No. 4B.